With the improvement of the quality requirements of human living environment, the evaluation and creation of comfortable indoor light environment in buildings have become the focus of research attention. However, most reviews mainly focus on visual comfort indicators and the impact of light environment on human body, and few pay attention to the differences in light environments formed by different light sources. Taking natural light and artificial light as the research objects, this paper systematically reviews the evaluation methods and evaluation indicators of visual comfort under natural light and artificial light environments based on Web of Science subject retrieval, discusses the current status of composite lighting evaluation, and looks forward to the future direction of regulation strategies. The review results show that light affects cognitive processes through the visual pathway, providing a theoretical basis for inferring lighting comfort based on objective task performance. Although the visual comfort evaluation methods based on subjective evaluation, objective cognition and physiological parameters around natural light and artificial light environments are relatively mature, there are still problems of diverse indicators and contradictory evaluation results in current research. Therefore, it is recommended that the subjective evaluation based on visual comfort should be refined in the future, and the overall evaluation system needs to be classified and unified according to the research purpose. In view of people’s natural preference for natural light, it is recommended that the composite light environment creation in the future should be mainly based on comfortable natural light and supplemented by stable artificial light. This review can provide new ideas for the study of visual comfort and the creation of a healthy light environment in the indoor light environment.